In a series circuit, what occurs when one component fails?

In a series circuit, all components are connected in a single path, meaning that the same current flows through each component. When one component fails—such as a bulb burning out or a resistor becoming open—the circuit is broken, and continuous current flow is interrupted. This disruption causes all the components in the circuit to stop functioning since they rely on that unbroken path for current.

Even though some components may not be immediately adjacent to the failed component, they still cannot operate as long as the path is incomplete. Therefore, the failure of one component affects the entire circuit, leading to the conclusion that all components go out. This fundamental property of series circuits distinguishes them from parallel circuits, where a failure in one branch does not necessarily cause the entire circuit to fail.