Which quantity is the independent variable in a graphical analysis of Ohm's Law?

In a graphical analysis of Ohm's Law, voltage is treated as the independent variable because it is typically manipulated or controlled in experiments to observe the effect it has on current. Ohm's Law is expressed mathematically as V = I * R, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. This relationship indicates that for a given resistance, if the voltage is increased, the current will also increase proportionally, making voltage the primary factor that influences the current.

By plotting current against voltage, the relationship generates a linear graph where the slope represents resistance. This dependency allows researchers and technicians to analyze how voltage applied across a conductor affects the current flowing through it, further reinforcing the reason for designating voltage as the independent variable in such analysis.

While current, power, and resistance are relevant quantities in Ohm's Law, they do not serve the same role in this context. Current is dependent on voltage and resistance, power is related to both current and voltage, and resistance is generally a constant within the context of the graph unless specified as varied. Thus, in the context of this question, selecting voltage as the independent variable highlights its role in driving the current through a circuit.